/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.pool2.impl;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;

/**
 * An optionally-bounded {@linkplain java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque blocking
 * deque} based on linked nodes.
 *
 * <p> The optional capacity bound constructor argument serves as a
 * way to prevent excessive expansion. The capacity, if unspecified,
 * is equal to {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.  Linked nodes are
 * dynamically created upon each insertion unless this would bring the
 * deque above capacity.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>Most operations run in constant time (ignoring time spent
 * blocking).  Exceptions include {@link #remove(Object) remove},
 * {@link #removeFirstOccurrence removeFirstOccurrence}, {@link
 * #removeLastOccurrence removeLastOccurrence}, {@link #contains
 * contains}, {@link #iterator iterator.remove()}, and the bulk
 * operations, all of which run in linear time.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>This class and its iterator implement all of the
 * <em>optional</em> methods of the {@link Collection} and {@link
 * Iterator} interfaces.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>This class is a member of the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
 * Java Collections Framework</a>.
 * </p>
 *
 * @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
 *
 * Note: This was copied from Apache Harmony and modified to suit the needs of
 *       Commons Pool.
 *
 * @since 2.0
 */
class LinkedBlockingDeque<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
        implements Deque<E>, Serializable {

    /*
     * Implemented as a simple doubly-linked list protected by a
     * single lock and using conditions to manage blocking.
     *
     * To implement weakly consistent iterators, it appears we need to
     * keep all Nodes GC-reachable from a predecessor dequeued Node.
     * That would cause two problems:
     * - allow a rogue Iterator to cause unbounded memory retention
     * - cause cross-generational linking of old Nodes to new Nodes if
     *   a Node was tenured while live, which generational GCs have a
     *   hard time dealing with, causing repeated major collections.
     * However, only non-deleted Nodes need to be reachable from
     * dequeued Nodes, and reachability does not necessarily have to
     * be of the kind understood by the GC.  We use the trick of
     * linking a Node that has just been dequeued to itself.  Such a
     * self-link implicitly means to jump to "first" (for next links)
     * or "last" (for prev links).
     */

    /*
     * We have "diamond" multiple interface/abstract class inheritance
     * here, and that introduces ambiguities. Often we want the
     * BlockingDeque javadoc combined with the AbstractQueue
     * implementation, so a lot of method specs are duplicated here.
     */

    /**
     * Base class for Iterators for LinkedBlockingDeque
     */
    private abstract class AbstractItr implements Iterator<E> {
        /**
         * The next node to return in next()
         */
         Node<E> next;

        /**
         * nextItem holds on to item fields because once we claim that
         * an element exists in hasNext(), we must return item read
         * under lock (in advance()) even if it was in the process of
         * being removed when hasNext() was called.
         */
        E nextItem;

        /**
         * Node returned by most recent call to next. Needed by remove.
         * Reset to null if this element is deleted by a call to remove.
         */
        private Node<E> lastRet;

        /**
         * Constructs a new iterator. Sets the initial position.
         */
        AbstractItr() {
            // set to initial position
            lock.lock();
            try {
                next = firstNode();
                nextItem = next == null ? null : next.item;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Advances next.
         */
        void advance() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                // assert next != null;
                next = succ(next);
                nextItem = next == null ? null : next.item;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Obtain the first node to be returned by the iterator.
         *
         * @return first node
         */
        abstract Node<E> firstNode();

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return next != null;
        }

        @Override
        public E next() {
            if (next == null) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            lastRet = next;
            final E x = nextItem;
            advance();
            return x;
        }

        /**
         * For a given node, obtain the next node to be returned by the
         * iterator.
         *
         * @param n given node
         *
         * @return next node
         */
        abstract Node<E> nextNode(Node<E> n);

        @Override
        public void remove() {
            final Node<E> n = lastRet;
            if (n == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            }
            lastRet = null;
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (n.item != null) {
                    unlink(n);
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        /**
         * Returns the successor node of the given non-null, but
         * possibly previously deleted, node.
         *
         * @param n node whose successor is sought
         * @return successor node
         */
        private Node<E> succ(Node<E> n) {
            // Chains of deleted nodes ending in null or self-links
            // are possible if multiple interior nodes are removed.
            for (;;) {
                final Node<E> s = nextNode(n);
                if (s == null) {
                    return null;
                }
                if (s.item != null) {
                    return s;
                }
                if (s == n) {
                    return firstNode();
                }
                n = s;
            }
        }
    }

    /** Descending iterator */
    private class DescendingItr extends AbstractItr {
        @Override
        Node<E> firstNode() { return last; }
        @Override
        Node<E> nextNode(final Node<E> n) { return n.prev; }
    }

    /** Forward iterator */
    private class Itr extends AbstractItr {
        @Override
        Node<E> firstNode() { return first; }
        @Override
        Node<E> nextNode(final Node<E> n) { return n.next; }
        }

    /**
     * Doubly-linked list node class.
     *
     * @param <E> node item type
     */
    private static final class Node<E> {
        /**
         * The item, or null if this node has been removed.
         */
        E item;

        /**
         * One of:
         * - the real predecessor Node
         * - this Node, meaning the predecessor is tail
         * - null, meaning there is no predecessor
         */
        Node<E> prev;

        /**
         * One of:
         * - the real successor Node
         * - this Node, meaning the successor is head
         * - null, meaning there is no successor
         */
        Node<E> next;

        /**
         * Constructs a new list node.
         *
         * @param x The list item
         * @param p Previous item
         * @param n Next item
         */
        Node(final E x, final Node<E> p, final Node<E> n) {
            item = x;
            prev = p;
            next = n;
        }
    }

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -387911632671998426L;

    /**
     * Pointer to first node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
     */
    private transient Node<E> first; // @GuardedBy("lock")

    /**
     * Pointer to last node.
     * Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
     *            (last.next == null && last.item != null)
     */
    private transient Node<E> last; // @GuardedBy("lock")

    /** Number of items in the deque */
    private transient int count; // @GuardedBy("lock")

    /** Maximum number of items in the deque */
    private final int capacity;

    /** Main lock guarding all access */
    private final InterruptibleReentrantLock lock;

    /** Condition for waiting takes */
    private final Condition notEmpty;

    /** Condition for waiting puts */
    private final Condition notFull;

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     */
    LinkedBlockingDeque() {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} and the given fairness policy.
     * @param fairness true means threads waiting on the deque should be served
     * as if waiting in a FIFO request queue
     */
    LinkedBlockingDeque(final boolean fairness) {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE, fairness);
    }


    // Basic linking and unlinking operations, called only while holding lock

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with a capacity of
     * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}, initially containing the elements of
     * the given collection, added in traversal order of the
     * collection's iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection of elements to initially contain
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection or any
     *         of its elements are null
     */
    LinkedBlockingDeque(final Collection<? extends E> c) {
        this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        lock.lock(); // Never contended, but necessary for visibility
        try {
            for (final E e : c) {
                Objects.requireNonNull(e);
                if (!linkLast(e)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Deque full");
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with the given (fixed) capacity.
     *
     * @param capacity the capacity of this deque
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is less than 1
     */
    LinkedBlockingDeque(final int capacity) {
        this(capacity, false);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingDeque} with the given (fixed) capacity
     * and fairness policy.
     *
     * @param capacity the capacity of this deque
     * @param fairness true means threads waiting on the deque should be served
     * as if waiting in a FIFO request queue
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is less than 1
     */
    LinkedBlockingDeque(final int capacity, final boolean fairness) {
        if (capacity <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        this.capacity = capacity;
        lock = new InterruptibleReentrantLock(fairness);
        notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
        notFull = lock.newCondition();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean add(final E e) {
        addLast(e);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void addFirst(final E e) {
        if (!offerFirst(e)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Deque full");
        }
    }

    // BlockingDeque methods

    @Override
    public void addLast(final E e) {
        if (!offerLast(e)) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Deque full");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Atomically removes all of the elements from this deque.
     * The deque will be empty after this call returns.
     */
    @Override
    public void clear() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> f = first; f != null;) {
                f.item = null;
                final Node<E> n = f.next;
                f.prev = null;
                f.next = null;
                f = n;
            }
            first = last = null;
            count = 0;
            notFull.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this deque contains
     * at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
     *
     * @param o object to be checked for containment in this deque
     * @return {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element
     */
    @Override
    public boolean contains(final Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            return false;
        }
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next) {
                if (o.equals(p.item)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() {
        return new DescendingItr();
    }

    /**
     * Drains the queue to the specified collection.
     *
     * @param c The collection to add the elements to
     *
     * @return number of elements added to the collection
     *
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the add operation is not
     *         supported by the specified collection
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the elements held by this
     *         collection prevents them from being added to the specified
     *         collection
     * @throws NullPointerException if c is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if c is this instance
     */
    public int drainTo(final Collection<? super E> c) {
        return drainTo(c, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }

    /**
     * Drains no more than the specified number of elements from the queue to the
     * specified collection.
     *
     * @param c           collection to add the elements to
     * @param maxElements maximum number of elements to remove from the queue
     *
     * @return number of elements added to the collection
     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the add operation is not
     *         supported by the specified collection
     * @throws ClassCastException if the class of the elements held by this
     *         collection prevents them from being added to the specified
     *         collection
     * @throws NullPointerException if c is null
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if c is this instance
     */
    public int drainTo(final Collection<? super E> c, final int maxElements) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(c, "c");
        if (c == this) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final int n = Math.min(maxElements, count);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                c.add(first.item);   // In this order, in case add() throws.
                unlinkFirst();
            }
            return n;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of the queue represented by
     * this deque.  This method differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that
     * it throws an exception if this deque is empty.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #getFirst() getFirst}.
     *
     * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
     */
    @Override
    public E element() {
        return getFirst();
    }

    @Override
    public E getFirst() {
        final E x = peekFirst();
        if (x == null) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        return x;
    }

    @Override
    public E getLast() {
        final E x = peekLast();
        if (x == null) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        return x;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the length of the queue of threads waiting to take instances from this deque. See disclaimer on accuracy
     * in {@link java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock#getWaitQueueLength(Condition)}.
     *
     * @return number of threads waiting on this deque's notEmpty condition.
     */
    public int getTakeQueueLength() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
           return lock.getWaitQueueLength(notEmpty);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if there are threads waiting to take instances from this deque. See disclaimer on accuracy in
     * {@link java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock#hasWaiters(Condition)}.
     *
     * @return true if there is at least one thread waiting on this deque's notEmpty condition.
     */
    public boolean hasTakeWaiters() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return lock.hasWaiters(notEmpty);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Interrupts the threads currently waiting to take an object from the pool. See disclaimer on accuracy in
     * {@link java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock#getWaitingThreads(Condition)}.
     */
    public void interuptTakeWaiters() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            lock.interruptWaiters(notEmpty);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence.
     * The elements will be returned in order from first (head) to last (tail).
     * The returned {@code Iterator} is a "weakly consistent" iterator that
     * will never throw {@link java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
     * ConcurrentModificationException},
     * and guarantees to traverse elements as they existed upon
     * construction of the iterator, and may (but is not guaranteed to)
     * reflect any modifications subsequent to construction.
     *
     * @return an iterator over the elements in this deque in proper sequence
     */
    @Override
    public Iterator<E> iterator() {
        return new Itr();
    }

    /**
     * Links provided element as first element, or returns false if full.
     *
     * @param e The element to link as the first element.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     */
    private boolean linkFirst(final E e) {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        if (count >= capacity) {
            return false;
        }
        final Node<E> f = first;
        final Node<E> x = new Node<>(e, null, f);
        first = x;
        if (last == null) {
            last = x;
        } else {
            f.prev = x;
        }
        ++count;
        notEmpty.signal();
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Links provided element as last element, or returns false if full.
     *
     * @param e The element to link as the last element.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     */
    private boolean linkLast(final E e) {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        if (count >= capacity) {
            return false;
        }
        final Node<E> l = last;
        final Node<E> x = new Node<>(e, l, null);
        last = x;
        if (first == null) {
            first = x;
        } else {
            l.next = x;
        }
        ++count;
        notEmpty.signal();
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean offer(final E e) {
        return offerLast(e);
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the last in the queue, waiting up to the
     * specified time to do so if the queue is full.
     * <p>
     * This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit)}
     *
     * @param e         element to link
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    boolean offer(final E e, final Duration timeout) throws InterruptedException {
        return offerLast(e, timeout);
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the last in the queue, waiting up to the
     * specified time to do so if the queue is full.
     * <p>
     * This method is equivalent to {@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit)}
     *
     * @param e         element to link
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     * @param unit      units that timeout is expressed in
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public boolean offer(final E e, final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return offerLast(e, timeout, unit);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean offerFirst(final E e) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(e, "e");
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return linkFirst(e);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the first in the queue, waiting up to the
     * specified time to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * @param e         element to link
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(final E e, final Duration timeout) throws InterruptedException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(e, "e");
        long nanos = timeout.toNanos();
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (!linkFirst(e)) {
                if (nanos <= 0) {
                    return false;
                }
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the first in the queue, waiting up to the
     * specified time to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * @param e         element to link
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     * @param unit      units that timeout is expressed in
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(final E e, final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return offerFirst(e, PoolImplUtils.toDuration(timeout, unit));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean offerLast(final E e) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(e, "e");
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return linkLast(e);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the last in the queue, waiting up to the
     * specified time to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * @param e         element to link
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whist waiting
     *         for space
     */
    boolean offerLast(final E e, final Duration timeout) throws InterruptedException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(e, "e");
        long nanos = timeout.toNanos();
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            while (!linkLast(e)) {
                if (nanos <= 0) {
                    return false;
                }
                nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the last in the queue, waiting up to the
     * specified time to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * @param e         element to link
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     * @param unit      units that timeout is expressed in
     *
     * @return {@code true} if successful, otherwise {@code false}
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whist waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public boolean offerLast(final E e, final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return offerLast(e, PoolImplUtils.toDuration(timeout, unit));
    }

    @Override
    public E peek() {
        return peekFirst();
    }

    // BlockingQueue methods

    @Override
    public E peekFirst() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return first == null ? null : first.item;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E peekLast() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return last == null ? null : last.item;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E poll() {
        return pollFirst();
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the first element in the queue, waiting up to the specified time
     * to do so if the queue is empty.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit)}.
     *
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    E poll(final Duration timeout) throws InterruptedException {
        return pollFirst(timeout);
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the first element in the queue, waiting up to the specified time
     * to do so if the queue is empty.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit)}.
     *
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     * @param unit      units that timeout is expressed in
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E poll(final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return pollFirst(timeout, unit);
    }

    @Override
    public E pollFirst() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return unlinkFirst();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the first element in the queue, waiting up to the specified time
     * to do so if the queue is empty.
     *
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    E pollFirst(final Duration timeout) throws InterruptedException {
        long nanos = timeout.toNanos();
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            E x;
            while ((x = unlinkFirst()) == null) {
                if (nanos <= 0) {
                    return null;
                }
                nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the first element in the queue, waiting up to the specified time
     * to do so if the queue is empty.
     *
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     * @param unit      units that timeout is expressed in
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E pollFirst(final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
        return pollFirst(PoolImplUtils.toDuration(timeout, unit));
    }

    @Override
    public E pollLast() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return unlinkLast();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the last element in the queue, waiting up to the specified time
     * to do so if the queue is empty.
     *
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E pollLast(final Duration timeout)
        throws InterruptedException {
        long nanos = timeout.toNanos();
        lock.lockInterruptibly();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkLast()) == null) {
                if (nanos <= 0) {
                    return null;
                }
                nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos);
            }
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the last element in the queue, waiting up to the specified time
     * to do so if the queue is empty.
     *
     * @param timeout   length of time to wait
     * @param unit      units that timeout is expressed in
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E pollLast(final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException {
        return pollLast(PoolImplUtils.toDuration(timeout, unit));
    }

    @Override
    public E pop() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    @Override
    public void push(final E e) {
        addFirst(e);
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the last in the queue, waiting until there
     * is space to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * <p>
     * This method is equivalent to {@link #putLast(Object)}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param e element to link
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public void put(final E e) throws InterruptedException {
        putLast(e);
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the first in the queue, waiting until there
     * is space to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * @param e element to link
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public void putFirst(final E e) throws InterruptedException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(e, "e");
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (!linkFirst(e)) {
                notFull.await();
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Links the provided element as the last in the queue, waiting until there
     * is space to do so if the queue is full.
     *
     * @param e element to link
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException if e is null
     * @throws InterruptedException if the thread is interrupted whilst waiting
     *         for space
     */
    public void putLast(final E e) throws InterruptedException {
        Objects.requireNonNull(e, "e");
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (!linkLast(e)) {
                notFull.await();
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // Stack methods

    /**
     * Reconstitutes this deque from a stream (that is,
     * deserialize it).
     * @param s the stream
     */
    private void readObject(final java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        count = 0;
        first = null;
        last = null;
        // Read in all elements and place in queue
        for (;;) {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            final
            E item = (E)s.readObject();
            if (item == null) {
                break;
            }
            add(item);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of additional elements that this deque can ideally
     * (in the absence of memory or resource constraints) accept without
     * blocking. This is always equal to the initial capacity of this deque
     * less the current {@code size} of this deque.
     *
     * <p>
     * Note that you <em>cannot</em> always tell if an attempt to insert
     * an element will succeed by inspecting {@code remainingCapacity}
     * because it may be the case that another thread is about to
     * insert or remove an element.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return The number of additional elements the queue is able to accept
     */
    public int remainingCapacity() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return capacity - count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    // Collection methods

    /**
     * Retrieves and removes the head of the queue represented by this deque.
     * This method differs from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an
     * exception if this deque is empty.
     *
     * <p>
     * This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst() removeFirst}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return the head of the queue represented by this deque
     * @throws NoSuchElementException if this deque is empty
     */
    @Override
    public E remove() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

    /**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this deque.
     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     * More formally, removes the first element {@code e} such that
     * {@code o.equals(e)} (if such an element exists).
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contained the specified element
     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * <p>
     * This method is equivalent to
     * {@link #removeFirstOccurrence(Object) removeFirstOccurrence}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this deque changed as a result of the call
     */
    @Override
    public boolean remove(final Object o) {
        return removeFirstOccurrence(o);
    }

    @Override
    public E removeFirst() {
        final E x = pollFirst();
        if (x == null) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        return x;
    }

    /*
     * TODO: Add support for more efficient bulk operations.
     *
     * We don't want to acquire the lock for every iteration, but we
     * also want other threads a chance to interact with the
     * collection, especially when count is close to capacity.
     */

//     /**
//      * Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this
//      * queue.  Attempts to addAll of a queue to itself result in
//      * {@code IllegalArgumentException}. Further, the behavior of
//      * this operation is undefined if the specified collection is
//      * modified while the operation is in progress.
//      *
//      * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this queue
//      * @return {@code true} if this queue changed as a result of the call
//      * @throws ClassCastException
//      * @throws NullPointerException
//      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
//      * @throws IllegalStateException
//      * @see #add(Object)
//      */
//     public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
//         if (c == null)
//             throw new NullPointerException();
//         if (c == this)
//             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
//         final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
//         lock.lock();
//         try {
//             boolean modified = false;
//             for (E e : c)
//                 if (linkLast(e))
//                     modified = true;
//             return modified;
//         } finally {
//             lock.unlock();
//         }
//     }

    @Override
    public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(final Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            return false;
        }
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next) {
                if (o.equals(p.item)) {
                    unlink(p);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public E removeLast() {
        final E x = pollLast();
        if (x == null) {
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        return x;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean removeLastOccurrence(final Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            return false;
        }
        lock.lock();
        try {
            for (Node<E> p = last; p != null; p = p.prev) {
                if (o.equals(p.item)) {
                    unlink(p);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of elements in this deque.
     *
     * @return the number of elements in this deque
     */
    @Override
    public int size() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the first element in the queue, waiting until there is an element
     * to unlink if the queue is empty.
     *
     * <p>
     * This method is equivalent to {@link #takeFirst()}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E take() throws InterruptedException {
        return takeFirst();
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the first element in the queue, waiting until there is an element
     * to unlink if the queue is empty.
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E takeFirst() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkFirst()) == null) {
                notEmpty.await();
            }
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the last element in the queue, waiting until there is an element
     * to unlink if the queue is empty.
     *
     * @return the unlinked element
     * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
     */
    public E takeLast() throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            E x;
            while ( (x = unlinkLast()) == null) {
                notEmpty.await();
            }
            return x;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns an array containing all of the elements in this deque, in
     * proper sequence (from first to last element).
     *
     * <p>
     * The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
     * maintained by this deque.  (In other words, this method must allocate
     * a new array).  The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
     * APIs.
     * </p>
     *
     * @return an array containing all of the elements in this deque
     */
    @Override
    public Object[] toArray() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Object[] a = new Object[count];
            int k = 0;
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next) {
                a[k++] = p.item;
            }
            return a;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Override
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            if (a.length < count) {
                a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance
                    (a.getClass().getComponentType(), count);
            }
            int k = 0;
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next) {
                a[k++] = (T)p.item;
            }
            if (a.length > k) {
                a[k] = null;
            }
            return a;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return super.toString();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Unlinks the provided node.
     *
     * @param x The node to unlink
     */
    private void unlink(final Node<E> x) {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        final Node<E> p = x.prev;
        final Node<E> n = x.next;
        if (p == null) {
            unlinkFirst();
        } else if (n == null) {
            unlinkLast();
        } else {
            p.next = n;
            n.prev = p;
            x.item = null;
            // Don't mess with x's links.  They may still be in use by
            // an iterator.
        --count;
            notFull.signal();
        }
    }

    // Monitoring methods

    /**
     * Removes and returns the first element, or null if empty.
     *
     * @return The first element or {@code null} if empty
     */
    private E unlinkFirst() {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        final Node<E> f = first;
        if (f == null) {
            return null;
        }
        final Node<E> n = f.next;
        final E item = f.item;
        f.item = null;
        f.next = f; // help GC
        first = n;
        if (n == null) {
            last = null;
        } else {
            n.prev = null;
        }
        --count;
        notFull.signal();
        return item;
    }

    /**
     * Removes and returns the last element, or null if empty.
     *
     * @return The first element or {@code null} if empty
     */
    private E unlinkLast() {
        // assert lock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
        final Node<E> l = last;
        if (l == null) {
            return null;
        }
        final Node<E> p = l.prev;
        final E item = l.item;
        l.item = null;
        l.prev = l; // help GC
        last = p;
        if (p == null) {
            first = null;
        } else {
            p.next = null;
        }
        --count;
        notFull.signal();
        return item;
    }

    /**
     * Saves the state of this deque to a stream (that is, serialize it).
     *
     * @serialData The capacity (int), followed by elements (each an
     * {@code Object}) in the proper order, followed by a null
     * @param s the stream
     */
    private void writeObject(final java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            // Write out capacity and any hidden stuff
            s.defaultWriteObject();
            // Write out all elements in the proper order.
            for (Node<E> p = first; p != null; p = p.next) {
                s.writeObject(p.item);
            }
            // Use trailing null as sentinel
            s.writeObject(null);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
